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The Steuart family of Maryland was a prominent political family in the early History of Maryland. Of Scottish descent, the Steuarts have their origins in Perthshire, Scotland. The family grew wealthy in the early 18th century under the patronage of the Calvert family, proprietors of the colony of Maryland, but would see their wealth and status much reduced during the American Revolution, and the American Civil War. ==History== George Hume Steuart (1700–1784) was an Edinburgh educated physician, who settled in Annapolis in the Crown Colony of Maryland in c1721, where he established a medical practice,〔Papenfeuse, p.773〕〔(''American Swedish 1973'', Edited by Leif Sjoberg, at p.69 ) Retrieved Jan 15 2010〕 married, and became a tobacco planter, and politician. Politically, Steuart's interests were closely aligned with those of the Calvert family, proprietors of the colony of Maryland.〔(George H Stewart at Stewarts of Balquhidder webpage ) Retrieved Jan 15 2010〕 In 1742 Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore (1699–1751) sent his eldest but illegitimate son, Benedict Swingate Calvert, then aged around ten years old,〔(Yentsch, Anne E, p.260, ''A Chesapeake Family and their Slaves: a Study in Historical Archaeology'', Cambridge University Press (1994) ) Retrieved Jan 2010〕 to Annapolis and placed him in Steuart's care.〔(Eby, Jerrilynn, p.76, ''Laying the Hoe: a Century of Iron Manufacturing in Stafford County, Virginia'', Vol 1, Heritage Books (2007). ) Retrieved Jan 19 2010〕 Steuart evidently benefited from the Calvert family's patronage as he went on to hold a number of important Colonial offices. However, as a wealthy landowner with estates in both Maryland and Scotland, Steuart was forced by the outbreak of the American Revolution to decide whether to remain loyal to the British Crown or to throw in his lot with the American rebels. Unable to remain neutral, in 1775 he sailed to Scotland, where he remained until his death in 1784.〔Nelker, p.118〕 His sons however remained in Maryland, loyal to the fledgling United States of America. Steuart's grandson, Major General George H Steuart (1790–1867) was a United States general who fought during the War of 1812. His military career began in 1814 when, as a young captain, he raised a company of Maryland volunteers, the Washington Blues, leading them at the Battle of Bladensberg and the Battle of North Point, where he was wounded.〔Richardson, p.228〕 After the war he rose to become major general of the Maryland Militia. In 1861, at the start of the Civil War, Steuart left his home state of Maryland and joined the Confederacy, though at 71 he was by then too old for active service. During the American Civil War, Maryland remained loyal to the Union, but the Steuarts were substantial slaveholders and supported the Confederate States of America. On April 16, 1861 George H. "Maryland" Steuart, then an officer in the United States Army, resigned his captain's commission to join the Confederacy.〔(Cullum, George Washington, p.226, Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military ) Retrieved Jan 16 2010〕 Much of the family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government as a consequence. Old Steuart Hall was confiscated by the Union Army and Jarvis Hospital was erected on the estate, to care for Federal wounded.〔Nelker, p.120〕 The family's wealth and status never recovered from the catastrophe of the "Lost Cause". A number of less well known Steuarts also fought for the South. Among them was the surgeon William Frederick Steuart, and George Biscoe Steuart.〔(Hanson, George A., p.267, ''Old Kent: The Eastern Shore of Maryland'' ) Retrieved January 2012〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Steuart family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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